The number of civilian casualties in Gaza has been at the centre of international attention since the start of the war. The main source for the data has been the Hamas-controlled Gaza Health Ministry, which now claims more than 30,000 dead, the majority of which it says are children and women. Recently, the Biden administration lent legitimacy to Hamas’s figure. When asked at a House Armed Services Committee hearing last week how many Palestinian women and children have been killed since October 7th, Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin said the number was “over 25,000”. The Pentagon quickly clarified that the Secretary “was citing an estimate from the Hamas-controlled Health Ministry”. President Biden himself had earlier cited this figure, asserting that “too many, too many of the over 27,000 Palestinians killed in this conflict have been innocent civilians and children, including thousands of children”. The White House also explained that the President “was referring to publicly available data about the total number of casualties”.
Here’s the problem with these data: the numbers are not real. That much is obvious to anyone who understands how naturally occurring numbers work. The casualties are not overwhelmingly women and children, and the majority may be Hamas fighters.
If Hamas’s numbers are faked or fraudulent in some way, there may be evidence in the numbers themselves that can demonstrate it. While there is not much data available, there is a little, and it is enough: from October 26th until November 10th 2023, the Gaza Health Ministry released daily casualty figures that include both a total number and a specific number of women and children.
The first place to look is the reported ‘total’ number of deaths. The graph of total deaths by date is increasing with almost metronomical linearity, as the graph in Figure 1 reveals.
This regularity is almost surely not real. One would expect quite a bit of variation day to day. In fact, the daily reported casualty count over this period averages 270 plus or minus about 15%. This is strikingly little variation. There should be days with twice the average or more and others with half or less. Perhaps what is happening is the Gaza ministry is releasing fake daily numbers that vary too little because they do not have a clear understanding of the behaviour of naturally occurring numbers. Unfortunately, verified control data are not available to formally test this conclusion, but the details of the daily counts render the numbers suspicious.
Similarly, we should see variation in the number of child casualties that tracks the variation in the number of women. This is because the daily variation in death counts is caused by the variation in the number of strikes on residential buildings and tunnels which should result in considerable variability in the totals but less variation in the percentage of deaths across groups. This is a basic statistical fact about chance variability. Consequently, on the days with many women casualties there should be large numbers of children casualties, and on the days when just a few women are reported to have been killed, just a few children should be reported. This relationship can be measured and quantified by the R-square (R2) statistic that measures how correlated the daily casualty count for women is with the daily casualty count for children. If the numbers were real, we would expect R2 to be substantively larger than zero, tending closer to 1.0. But R2 is .017 which is statistically and substantively not different from zero.
This lack of correlation is the second circumstantial piece of evidence suggesting the numbers are not real. But there is more. The daily number of women casualties should be highly correlated with the number of non-women and non-children (i.e., men) reported. Again, this is expected because of the nature of battle. The ebbs and flows of the bombings and attacks by Israel should cause the daily count to move together. But that is not what the data show. Not only is there not a positive correlation, there is a strong negative correlation, which makes no sense at all and establishes the third piece of evidence that the numbers are not real.
Consider some further anomalies in the data: first, the death count reported on October 29th contradicts the numbers reported on the 28th, insofar as they imply that 26 men came back to life. This can happen because of misattribution or just reporting error. There are a few other days where the numbers of men are reported to be near zero. If these were just reporting errors, then on those days where the death count for men appears to be in error, the women’s count should be typical, at least on average. But it turns out that on the three days when the men’s count is near zero, suggesting an error, the women’s count is high. In fact, the three highest daily women casualty count occurs on those three days.
Taken together, what does this all imply? While the evidence is not dispositive, it is highly suggestive that a process unconnected or loosely connected to reality was used to report the numbers. Most likely, the Hamas ministry settled on a daily total arbitrarily. We know this because the daily totals increase too consistently to be real. Then they assigned about 70% of the total to be women and children, splitting that amount randomly from day to day. Then they in-filled the number of men as set by the predetermined total. This explains all the data observed.
There are other obvious red flags. The Gaza Health Ministry has consistently claimed that about 70% of the casualties are women or children. This total is far higher than the numbers reported in earlier conflicts with Israel. Another red flag, raised by Salo Aizenberg and written about extensively, is that if 70% of the casualties are women and children and 25% of the population is adult male, then either Israel is not successfully eliminating Hamas fighters or adult male casualty counts are extremely low. This by itself strongly suggests that the numbers are at a minimum grossly inaccurate and quite probably outright faked.
Finally, on February 15th, Hamas admitted to losing 6,000 of its fighters, which represents more than 20% of the total number of casualties reported. Taken together, Hamas is reporting not only that 70% of casualties are women and children but also that 20% are fighters. This is not possible unless Israel is somehow not killing noncombatant men, or else Hamas is claiming that almost all the men in Gaza are Hamas fighters.
Are there better numbers? Some objective commentators have acknowledged Hamas’s numbers in previous battles with Israel to be roughly accurate. Nevertheless, this war is wholly unlike its predecessors in scale or scope; international observers who were able to monitor previous wars are now completely absent, so the past can’t be assumed to be a reliable guide. The fog of war is especially thick in Gaza, making it impossible to quickly determine civilian death totals with any accuracy. Not only do official Palestinian death counts fail to differentiate soldiers from children, but Hamas also blames all deaths on Israel even if caused by Hamas’s own misfired rockets, accidental explosions, deliberate killings or internal battles. One group of researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health compared Hamas reports to data on UNRWA workers. The researchers argued that because the death rates were approximately similar, Hamas’s numbers must not be inflated. But their argument relied on a crucial and unverified assumption: that UNRWA workers are not disproportionately more likely to be killed than the general population. That premise exploded when it was uncovered that a sizable fraction of UNRWA workers are affiliated with Hamas. Some were even exposed as having participated in the October 7th massacre itself.
The truth can’t yet be known and probably never will be. The total civilian casualty count is likely to be extremely overstated. Israel estimates that at least 12,000 fighters have been killed. If that number proves to be even reasonably accurate, then the ratio of noncombatant casualties to combatants is remarkably low: at most 1.4 to 1 and perhaps as low as 1 to 1. By historical standards of urban warfare, where combatants are embedded in and below civilian population centres, this is a remarkable and successful effort to prevent unnecessary loss of life while fighting an implacable enemy that protects itself with civilians.
The data used in the article can be found here, with thanks to Salo Aizenberg who helped check and correct these numbers.
Abraham Wyner is Professor of Statistics and Data Science at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Faculty Co-Director of the Wharton Sports Analytics and Business Initiative.
This story originally appeared in Tablet magazine and is reprinted with permission.
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Just a little question to all subscribers. ——-Would it not be better to have the newest comments at the top of the list of comments rather than at the bottom?
PS I know you can select “newest” or “oldest” but I think newest should be at the top.
Something else I’ve noticed, if you’ve posted consecutive posts, somebody replying to you can’t reply to an individual post, so when you’re scrolling down it can be difficult to see which comment a person is responding to because it doesn’t appear directly underneath the relevant comment.
The order in which comments appear doesn’t bother me though and I think it makes sense as it is.
I have always wondered what the point in the ‘like/dislike’ function is though. Obviously other platforms, such as FB, YT or Twitter, it’s all about affecting the algorithms and whatnot, but on this site this function seems surplus to requirements and has zero rationale behind its use, though I’m happy for a DS mod ( are you still proofreading me, HL?? ) to come on and enlighten me.
I’d say if anything these little thumbs just assist the 77th Hamster Penis Brigade in their voyeurism and also, of course, are a fun little tool for the shadow-lurking trolls that have nothing better to do but are too cowardly/tight to add to any debate. They like to think they have any influence on posters who bother to pay to comment, but in reality people post what they want, when they want, regardless. The mind boggles, lol!
“if you’ve posted consecutive posts, somebody replying to you can’t reply to an individual post, so when you’re scrolling down it can be difficult to see which comment a person is responding to because it doesn’t appear directly underneath the relevant comment.”
Looks a lot more sensible on a computer as opposed to on these fiddly little screens with severely restricted widths.
Size is everything
Absolutely!
Yes I know what you mean. ——But I like to see the thumbs up and thumbs down, not because I can see how many people agree with me, but so I can see what opinions are shared by others on here.
I suspect that the answer to newest/oldest, and like/dislike is more mundane – we use the software package we’ve got. To Moderate I usually select Newest, it’s very quick to re-sort
I find following the thread much easier on a PC than on a phone
And, yes, we are still reading everything you all say…:)
Well I was getting a bit concerned you’d cut the apron strings, truth be told. I was wondering why I hadn’t been ‘Herr Flick’d’ in a long while..
Thumb up from a shadow lurking troll.
Trolltastic!
Hey, but you’re not though. I’ve accumulated a sizeable herd of them over time. Like pilot fish they’re prone to feeding frenzies and can’t get enough of my dangleberries. I just throw them the odd bit of chum on the regular, usually the word “Jew” or “Israel” are popular types, then sit back and watch said frenzy. I do feel a lot more hygienic afterwards, mind.
Depends on the frequency of your visits. For those who revisit a thread repeatedly your suggestion makes sense. For those who make occasional visits then the submission order means that following discussions is easier
First comment first. Why would you put the beginning at the end?
Why constantly shift the chronology? That makes it more confusing imho
If you go to Mailonline eg you will see the newest comments at the top. It is all down to personal taste ofcourse, but I like to see the most recent comment at the top.
You can subscribe to a whole article by using the “subscribe” dropdown above the “join the discussion” box.
Good analysis. Sensible. Hamas might have 50.000 Jihadis (Muslim fascists) in the midst of the population – hiding in schools, hospitals, houses. Very difficult to find and kill. Many innocents will be killed. But it must be done.
Are the Muslim non-combattants innocent? Of course not. Full bloodied roars for Israel’s destruction and the elimination of the Jews emanate from the Mein Kampf reading ‘Gazans’, another fictitious claim (Gazans have never existed historically as a group). Most Muslims would dance and rejoice if every Jew in Israel was killed.
This is one subject (there are a few) where the likes of Neil Oliver are completely off their rockers. His love fest with the loon Galloway is galling. The love for the Muslim Jihad is simply the immoral justification of a 1400 year old satanic evil, seen in the almost yearly attacks by Hamas et al against Israel.
Hamas needed to be wiped out long ago, along with Hizbollah, Palestinian Jihad and the 20 other Muslim Jihad-Nazi groups.
What’s also interesting is that for a terrorist-run organization that is so confident on their own death numbers, including the breakdown, they can’t seem to conjure up a list of the remaining hostages. In fact, Hamas recently declared they couldn’t get back to Israel with a list of the hostages they’re holding because they don’t know where everybody is or who’s alive or dead.
Also, this is the strangest looking ”genocide” I ever saw. We’ve been here before with a totally different context but isn’t the graph going the wrong way?
https://twitter.com/nomad_by_choice/status/1767557671912145006
Does anyone really expect truth from either side in a war?
Those who take the statements from Palestinian or Israeli authorities as absolute truth are naive at the very least. Both sides are trying to shape the narrative to their advantage.
Ah, the ‘moral equivalence’ argument. Didn’t take long.
Is that what it is? Does that mean that both sides were equally immoral? If so then that is certainly what I was getting at.
I would recommend doing what I do which is not believing any information coming out about a current war. (Actually, not just war information but any conventional news.)
It’s almost certain to be propaganda from one side or the other. Which isn’t to say none of it is true. There may be some factually correct information included, but it’s almost certainly mixed in together with a mountain of BS or at best without any vital meaningful context.
Economical with the truth is a method which is familiar in established organisations, e.g. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20171114-the-disturbing-art-of-lying-by-telling-the-truth
For those who want the most insightful analysis of the situation, may I recommend Caroline Glick’s JNS channel, which you can find on YouTube.
She was the first to promote this piece from Tablet magazine. Her interview this week with Prof John Spencer, West Point’s chair on urban warfare is superb.
She also exposes Biden’s duplicity in undermining Israel’s democratically elected government in a time of existential war.
Today, shockingly, Biden unfreezes $10Bn in Iranian funds. Try finding that on the BBC.
This must rank as the most disgusting article ever from The Daily Sceptic.
I have been here from the start when it was Lockdown Sceptic and this is by far worse even than the witterings of Ian Rons and his misinformation on Ukraine.
With hundreds of bodies still under rubble any casualty figure is going to be an estimate.
The Jewish author of this article should be ashamed of himself and so should The Daily Sceptic.
Yes, and the article refers to a ‘war’, as though Palestinians are also equipped with tanks, Apache helicopters and bombers!
And the prevention of distribution of humanitarian aid to a million or more starving people is yet another point the South Africans can now add to their list. And the world looks on and does nothing.
Statistics on the Israeli attack on the Gaza Strip (07 October – 23 February 2024)
Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor is an independent, nonprofit organization that advocates for the human rights of all persons across Europe and the MENA region, particularly those who live under occupation, in the throes of war or political unrest and/ or have been displaced due to persecution or armed conflict.
Euro-Med Monitor was established in November 2011 and is registered in Switzerland.
Currently, in addition to our administrative/policy office in Geneva (home of many human rights-related UN bodies), Euro-Med Monitor has a regional office in the Palestinian Occupied Territories.
It amazes me that Israel, one of the most advanced scientific nations on earth has taken 5 months to assess its casualties from 7/10.
Hamas and its mates surpass this by announcing 500 deaths at a hospital 5 mins after their own missile falls short.
Euromed presumably has body counters on the ground in Gaza?
No, didn’t think so.
Euro-Med Monitor has a regional office in the Palestinian Occupied Territories.
The missile that hit the hospital was from Israel.
Or not really……
‘In one video, verified and geolocated by Human Rights Watch and filmed 160 meters from the hospital in the instant before and during the main explosion, the sound characteristic of a munition propelled by a motor, such as a rocket or a missile, can be heard. This sound is not consistent with artillery shells or air-dropped bombs. The video shows a large fireball that accompanied the explosion, which is consistent with the ignition of rocket propellent and perhaps other fuel burning.
Damage Analysis
Photos and videos taken at the site, shared on social media and by news media, show a crater. Human Rights Watch used photogrammetry techniques to measure the crater, determining that it is approximately 90 centimeters long, 60 centimeters wide, and has a maximum depth of approximately 30 to 40 centimeters. This crater size is inconsistent with the point detonation of a large, air-dropped bomb with a high-explosive payload.’
I haven’t trusted HRW for years.
Here is a file I’ve kept on them since 2014.
“Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an integral part of the West’s propaganda machine. HRW shapes the narratives of conflicts, narratives which become solidified through repetition, and which eventually become regarded as undeniable facts. Moreover, the language HRW employs, far from being simply stylistic choices, is deliberately utilized to obscure the reality of war zones in the service of the Empire. This is undoubtedly the case with the Israel/Palestine conflict where Israeli actions are never outright war crimes, while Palestinian ones are. It is equally true of Ukraine. This is also the case in Libya, Syria, and Venezuela, countries where HRW has played a critical role in constructing narratives in the interests of its financier and corporate paymasters, not to mention of course the US foreign policy agenda. In both Libya and Syria, HRW has played a critical role in propagandizing the western public against the governments of those countries, thereby justifying the imperialist assault on them. More than simply “collecting the facts,” HRW cobbled together a completely distorted, and in many cases utterly dishonest and factually wrong, narrative which has buttressed the case for “intervention” in Syria, as it did in Libya….Human Rights Watch is undeniably an appendage of US foreign policy. It is in many ways part of the “soft power” arm of US power projection, a means of delegitimizing, demonizing, and otherwise destabilizing countries that do not play ball with the US.” [citation from: HRW: Human Rights Watch or Hypocrites Representing Washington (Part 2)]
http://journal-neo.org/2014/08/06/hrw-human-rights-watch-or-hypocritical-representatives-of-washington-part-2/
Here is a file I kept on the hospital bombing at the time.
Here are their lies on the hospital bombing massacre exposed.
https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/israels-spin-about-hospital-massacre-quickly-comes-apart?fbclid=IwAR2U_bU3jwh4W-MIrajeBn84Ec55rewjkGxNV9zla4ZFi1J3TOdl2SAppQk
Here is what I wrote at the time.
Having seen the photos and video of the crater from the initial explosion at the Baptist Hospital it is quite small and not big enough for a conventional Israeli bomb or large missile.
There would not have been much explosive for a crater this small and there was minimal damage to the hospital buildings but many deaths from shrapnel as there were very many civilians sheltering there in the enclosed courtyard.
However, an Israeli JDAM bomb cannot be ruled out as these can be detonated just above ground level which also produces only a small crater.
The fact that Israel categorically shelled the hospital just three days before on 14 October, 2023, at 20:30, and the next morning they called the hospital director, Dr. Maher Ayyad, saying to him: “We warned you last evening with two shells, so why have you not evacuated the hospital until this moment?”, it is likely that it was another Israeli shell or Israeli small missile (perhaps M270 MLRS) which hit the car park, flipped over a car and immediately detonated fuel in the parked cars hence the flames in the videos.
Israel had also demanded that 19 other Palestinian hospitals in the north be evacuated and continue to bomb Gaza indiscriminately, including a UNRWA school and churches, regardless of civilian casualties. Women and children make up over 60% of the 5,000+ deaths.
Missile trajectory came from Israel NOT Gaza.
https://skwawkbox.org/2023/10/21/video-new-expert-analysis-shows-hospital-missile-originating-in-israel/
The UNRWA school? You do realize the UNRWA’s involvement in Oct 7th?
Why is it important to you that Israel struck this hospital (when it didn’t)?
Euro-Med Monitor staff and leadership:
Founder Ramy Abdu has been accused of being one of Hamas’ “main operatives” in Europe.
Chief of Progammes Muhammad Shehada has a history of whitewashing Palestinian terrorism
Chairman of the Board of Trustees Richard Falk is a former UN Special Rapporteur on the Palestinian Territories who has promoted 9/11 conspiracy theories and has compared the Jewish state to Nazi Germany.
Accusations by the Israeli apartheid state.
If it’s an Apartheid state why isn’t there any segregation in Israel. I would have thought the Israeli Muslims would have something to say.
Here is an apartheid state as no Israelis are allowed.
Youtube.com/watch?v=PkJk_UrXMW4&t=1757s
If you don’t think there is segregation in Israel then there is no hope for you.
The following is taken from South Africa’s presentation to the International Court of Justice on 11th January:
Gaza, which is one of the most densely populated places in the world is home to approximately 2.3 million Palestinians, almost half of them children.
For the past 96 days, Israel has subjected Gaza to what has been described as one of the heaviest conventional bombing campaigns in the history of modern warfare. Palestinians in Gaza are being killed by Israeli weaponry and bombs from air, land and sea.
They are also at immediate risk of death by starvation, dehydration and disease as a result of the ongoing siege by Israel, the destruction of Palestinian towns, the insufficient aid being allowed through to the Palestinian population and the impossibility of distributing this limited aid while bombs fall. This conduct renders essentials to life unobtainable.
Palestinians in Gaza are subjected to relentless bombing wherever they go. They are killed in their homes, in places where they seek shelter, in hospitals, in schools, in mosques, in churches and as they try to find food and water for their families. They have been killed if they failed to evacuate, in the places to which they have fled and even while they attempted to flee along Israeli declared “safe routes”.
The level of killing is so extensive that those whose bodies are found are buried in mass graves, often unidentified.
In the first three weeks alone following 7 October, Israel deployed 6,000 bombs per week. At least 200 times, it has deployed two-thousand-pound bombs in southern areas of Palestine designated as “safe”. These bombs have also decimated the north, including refugee camps. Two-thousand-pound bombs are some of the biggest and most destructive bombs available. They are dropped by lethal fighter jets that are used to strike targets on the ground, by one of the world’s most resourced armies.
Israel has killed an “unparalleled and unprecedented” number of civilians, with the full knowledge of how many civilian lives each bomb will take.
That was two months ago and, with the continued bombing and destruction of hospitals, and with the whole civilization on the move, how is anyone supposed to accurately count the number of dead, especially with such heavy bombing destroying high-rise buildings and whole city areas?
I read a report (sorry, I cannot remember where) estimating the number of deaths at at least 200,000, which seems a far more likely figure than 30,000.
‘Gaza, which is one of the most densely populated places in the world …’
Apart from any of about 100 cities … take your pick.
Yet another trope deployed.
Facts are inconvenient, aren’t they?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population_density
The South African testimony stated that Gaza is approximately 365 sq km with 2.3 million inhabitants, i.e. 6,300 persons per square kilometre. Gaza is not a city so you should look at this table https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density, putting the Gaza Strip in fifth place.
If I may ask, why is the figure of 200,000 deaths far more likely than 30,000.?
As the population was/is only about 600k, are you suggesting that the Isrealis have killed a third of Palestinians.?
Not sure where your 600k comes from but see WyrdWoman’s post below. Many Israeli politicians have publicly stated they want all Palestinians ‘removed’ from Israel, as cited in the South African testimony:
Prime Minister Netanyahu, in his address to the Israeli forces on 28 October 2023 – preparing for the invasion of Gaza – urged the soldiers to “remember what Amalek has done to you”. This refers to the biblical command by God to Saul for the retaliatory destruction of an entire group of people known as the Amalekites: “Put to death men and women, children and infants, cattle and sheep, camels and donkeys”. The genocidal invocation to Amalek was anything but idle. It was repeated by Mr Netanyahu in a letter to the Israeli armed forces on 3 November 2023.
The Deputy Speaker of the Knesset, Israel’s Parliament, has called for the erasure of the Gaza Strip from the face of the earth.
On 9 October, the Defence Minister Yoav Gallant gave a “situation update” to the army where he said that as Israel was “imposing a complete siege on Gaza”, “there would be no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel”. “Everything would be closed”, because Israel is “fighting human animals”. Speaking to troops on the Gaza border, he instructed them that he has “released all the restraints” and that “Gaza won’t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything . . . we will reach all places.” Eliminate everything. Reach all places. Without any restraints.
And so on and so forth.
600k is the approx population of Gaza City, not Gaza. I fear I may not have been specific enough when I checked the number.
I confess I am still at a loss as to understand how 30k deaths, becomes ‘well, it must be 200k by now’
Ralph Nader.
https://nader.org/2024/03/05/stop-the-worsening-undercount-of-palestinian-casualties-in-gaza/
Thanks for the link.
The Israeli propaganda machine in full swing again I see.
Maybe getting ready for the humanitarian bombing, shelling and destruction of Rafah still to come.
Too many on here have been Spielberged, some even calling for the total annihalation of certain peoples.
As we’ve seen almost nothing of the ‘Israeli Propaganda Machine’, while the Hamas Propaganda Machine has been welcomed into the open arms of the Western Press, including the BBC, I find it curious that you should mention it. There are at least two versions of the truth, in this case, many more. I choose not to believe a word that is coming from either of the main protagonists and their political and media allies.
Can anyone explain why the West wants peace in Gaza but continuing war in Ukraine?
First, Gaza is not Ukraine and Ukraine is not Gaza.
Then, there is a premise in your question which may not be fair.
You know I hadn’t spotted that. Damn.
And what has fairness got to do with anything? Life isn’t fair.
It’s not the West. It’s the Palestinian/Iranian apologists or useful idiots.
There could be many women and children casualties because most of the fighting men have been travelling to the UK
This is a welcome article in one way, to somewhat restore objectivity or balance. But, as my husband says, something must be causing the devastation in Gaza and with such devastation inevitably there must be death.
To stop the killing Hamas, who initiated the war by an obscene pogrom against Jews primarily, not just Israelis, only have to capitulate and release those hostages not raped to death. Or maybe their Arab co-religionists could set up more camps in Egypt and allow them in? Hamas must be destroyed. The Israelis can’t be expected to tolerate them anymore. Gazans had a state, they turned into a hive of terror. The civilian population isn’t innocent but complicit to some extent. The killing is not genocidal but collateral. It’s war. Why did they bring it on themselves? They hoped Western fixation on Palestine would win it for them. The article demos the dodgy figures.
Impossible to argue against this article given the author’s credentials. I’m sure he’ll be interviewed on BBC / CNN soon enough to present his findings…
He’s Jewish.
Maybe a little biased perhaps?
Apologies if I missed any sarcasm.
I wrote this on X, and had my Tweet censored/restricted:
“@BBCWorld Hamas, a terrorist organisation, is the problem. Hamas must be destroyed. Hamas delendum est.”
I got this message from X (Twitter):
“Your post was detected by our systems and has had its visibility limited for violating the X rules. Specifically:We have determined your post violated our rules against Violent Speech.You may not share abusive content, harass someone, or encourage other people to do so.”
So it’s not ok to say that Hamas, a terrorist organisation, should be destroyed?
Daily Sceptic: Sceptical about everything except what Israel officials say.
Incredible. This whole article scrutinises the data on Gaza deaths yet concludes by repeating, with no scrutiny, Israeli official estimates for the number of Hamas fighters killed.